Chapter 106
 
 
中共有捨就有成

 

  中共不斷打壓宗教與信仰自由,控制宗教活動與信仰的內容,對農民的愚民政策,更是惡質,中國大陸廣大的農民人口,現在陷於經濟轉型的質變之中,現在中共的經濟成長,由高幹特權子女、解放軍、工人階段、農民階段,上而下,次第優惠,農民的生活於特區高度成長之後,就成為最貧弱的地區,台灣的農村改革經濟與政策,也許可以提供中共當局思維的空間,否則各地的貧富不均差距越大,越會引起內亂。

  請參考文章;

 

戶籍制﹕中國最大的族群歧視

2001.11.14 民主論壇
張 明


死難賠償農民低人一級

  日前,懸了兩年多的重慶綦江彩虹橋塌毀死難者的賠償有了下文。除每位死難者家屬獲2.2萬元精神安慰費外,有城鎮戶口的,每人再發死亡補償費4.8456萬元,而農村戶口的,則只發2.2萬元。為何生命貴賤如此懸殊?只因為一個是城裡人,一個是農民。

  無獨有偶,前時間的洛陽大火事故處理也已完畢。有關責任部門對死亡人員很快出現了不同的標準﹕對城市戶口的死難者的賠償是4萬元,而農村戶口的死難者家屬則只能拿到1萬元。

農民戶口歧視到處可見

  這正是中國存在了50年的戶口歧視。由於公民戶口的不對等,各自的國民待遇也出現了等級。生老病死、衣食住行,幾乎都深刻地烙上了戶口歧視。一出生,農民的的孩子就繼承了農村戶口,終其一生,沒有社會保障,沒有退休金或救濟金,病了享受不到醫療保險,連他遇難了,得到的賠償都要少得多!

  在網上經常看到有人高價求購城市公交月票或地鐵月票的貼子。地鐵月票更被炒到原來價格的2∼3倍,即使這樣,仍然供不應求。原因很簡單﹕對於外地打工者來說,沒有城市戶口就不能購買月票。

  外來者如果想進一步在城市安身,需要花更多的錢找棲身之所。外地人按規定不能買經濟適用房,而經濟適用房價格比同類商品房每平方米低幾百元。這意味著﹕即使你只想購置一個50平方米的小窩,都要比城市人多花好幾萬。

  最近,我還看到了一個「有趣」的、「小小」的歧視事例﹕北方某市規定垃圾處理費分兩個等級﹕城市居民垃圾處理費案戶收取,每月3元;外來人員按人頭收費,每人每月3元。

農民在城市的額外費用

  楊女士是四川樂山人,1996年赴蓉,在西南交大西門外開家小店。她的甜皮很受居民的喜愛,月收入有3,000元左右。日子看上去還寬裕,但她卻為自己8歲的兒子的前途憂心忡忡。她說﹕「我的孩子跟成都娃不一樣,從上幼兒園到小學,都要比別的孩子多交很多錢。」因為沒有成都戶口,她被迫為孩子買了各種保險,希望兒子有一個「保險」的未來。再過3年,她的孩子要上初中了,成都市採用電腦隨機擇校,但她的孩子就沒有資格參加,要想繼續上學的話就必須付出高額贊助費和借讀費。

  按理說,戶口不是商品,沒有價格。但是,因為城市戶口背後隱含了許多的福利和權利。所以,城鄉戶口之間存在價值差別。這一差別反映到現實供需上,就是價格。農民要進城,就必須得交「城市建設費」。為什麼要多交錢?誰叫你是外來人!

農民貸款困難、就業不容易

  90年代初赴蓉的李先生是四川內江人。他今年終於在青羊宮開了一家自己的餐館,但由於沒有成都市戶口而備受折磨。就連買一個全通手機號,還得找一個本地人做擔保。去買房時,地產商不願為外地人辦分期付款的特別「關照」。李先生最後無奈地調侃,自己是「在城市生活了10多年的農民」。

  川師97級畢業生何明宇前段時間參加了很多人才招聘會。他發現,不少待遇好的用人單位都註明一條﹕「需成都市戶口」。他說﹕「看到這一條,我的心就涼了半截。同樣的10年寒窗,為什麼我連參加公平競爭的機會都沒有呢?」

「戶口制」成為市場經濟的攔路虎

  戶籍制度不但阻礙勞動力的合理流動,更可能形成勞動資源的配置的「逆淘汰」機制,降低經濟效率。8月初,我曾看到,某自來水公司為一處居民搶修爆管,居然來了兩部麵包車。車上7、8個正式職工模樣的袖手旁觀笑眯眯。而2、3 個民工模樣的人在那揮汗如雨。某國企人事部負責人就此感嘆道﹕「城市人口中部份勞動力整天無所事事仍佔據工作崗位,往往是臨時工幹活,正式工歇著。」如是,外地的優質勞動力難以進入,被閒置和浪費,整個經濟發展也因此受到了制約。

  有經濟學家曾對我國現行的城鄉二元戶籍管理制度列出如下「罪狀」﹕窒息了中國城市化的進程,限制了勞動力的正常流動;無法形成城鄉統一的勞動力市場,農民被限制進城就業,缺少城鄉間的就業競爭,造成城市勞動力成本不斷上升;二元結構的戶籍制度及其配套制度演化為兩種不同的身分制度,形成大範圍的等級歧視。

9億農民被歧視﹕永遠的痛?

  戶籍制,是烙在中國農民身上的恥辱印記,是21世紀一個族群對另一個族群最大的歧視。 

   有許多農民雖人窮,但是精神面的安慰,亦可以得到某些安貧樂道的效果,中共此次對於其本土化,類宗教法輪功的活動,加以醜化、打殺,已經有三百人死亡,上千人因此入獄改造,老外看不下去了,國際媒體亦加入對中共壓制法輪功的聲討,中共要如此,大張旗鼓,加諸某些無害的信仰為邪教,是為了什麼?是因為不敢違反毛澤東路線?或馬克斯主義的根本大義?蘇聯解體之後,共產黨那一套經濟論,證實不堪使用,而聯邦多國制度的形成,也是國際唯一的自足方式,中共想統治三十多省由黨中央全面掌控,已經是不可能的行為,未來的中共還要思考多省多國自足自治的方式,有如歐盟與東歐的小國的結合,方能變成中華政經聯邦大公國,或自治型邦聯中華同盟集團,如此一來就不會有怕邪教、異議份子、特不特區或是中央補助不均的麻煩了。

  參考英文報導,關乎法輪功;

 

Police arrest Westerners demonstrating in
support of banned Falun Gong sect

2001.11.21 AP, BEIJING


As hundreds of Chinese looked on in surprise, police detained more than a dozen Westerners who unfurled a banner in Tiananmen Square yesterday afternoon and chanted slogans in support of the banned Falun Gong sect.

A group of Westerners, most in their 20s and 30s, had been talking among themselves for nearly an hour when they sat down shortly after 2pm in the lotus position, their eyes closed and their hands together as if in prayer. "Purge the evil," some chanted in Chinese, a common Falun Gong invocation.

Police vans quickly encircled the group, and uniformed officers began separating the ones whose arms were interlocked. Group members-both men and women-resisted for a time before police managed to load them into vans and drive off.

It was not immediately clear whether the demonstrators were arrested or charged with any crime.

The site they chose for their 10-minute protest, Tiananmen Square, has long been guarded closely by heavy contingents of Chinese police, not only because of 1989 student demonstrations and the subsequent bloody crackdown there, but because of previous Falun Gong protests in recent years. It is the most visible-and controversial-site in China.

Yesterday, authorities seemed to have advance word that something was imminent; some moved into position at 2pm as if anticipating problems.

When they made the arrests, they used none of the rougher tactics often employed in arresting Chinese followers of Falun Gong-which have included punches, facial kicks and beatings with police nightsticks.

Chinese authorities have pursued Falun Gong followers since the government outlawed the group in July 1999.

The government says Falun Gong is an "evil cult" that has caused more than 1,600 deaths, mostly by encouraging followers to use meditation instead of medicine to cure ailments.

Falun Gong says almost 300 followers have died in custody during the crackdown and that many more have been tortured and abused. Thousands of followers have been sent to prisons and labor camps.

At the demonstration yesterday, Chinese looked on, agape, as police swooped in. "Foreigners," one said.

The nationalities of those detained were not immediately clear, though one wore a T-shirt depicting the Canadian flag and another carried a German flag.

One demonstrator broke from the group briefly and ran around in circles near onlookers, wielding a banner in the sect's trademark yellow color. "America knows, China knows, the world knows Falun Gong is good," the man said. Police stopped him shortly afterward.

There were no visible signs of tightened security in Tiananmen Square after the incident was over.